This is related to the abrupt pressure gradient between the abdominal and chest cavities.
However, segregation (diffusion) processes may lead to rather abrupt concentration gradients at the surface, that is, cs might not be constant over the depth Δ.
Of note, sharp gradients in tract-level population density in this area together with the decreasing smooth function for this covariate result in several somewhat abrupt changes in predicted PM10 and therefore also predicted PM2.5 10.
High roughness was associated with abrupt changes in gradient and slope orientation such as those affecting crests, valley bottoms and scarp edges present in the mountain chain and in some deep incised valleys in the basins.
The abrupt change of gradient, the great fluctuation in the flow volumes, and the many rapids and reefs make them unsuitable for navigation, though they have enormous hydroelectric power potential.
Furthermore, there were evidence of abrupt laryngeal pressure gradient, chaotic airflow and high concentration of shear stresses in the glottal region.
This interface was characterized by an abrupt change in gradient direction (Bradhurst et al., 2008).
The fluorescence modulation can originate from complex processes including reduced solvent relaxation due to lipid packing and high micro-viscosity, abrupt water molecules gradient through lipid bilayers, possible H-bonding with donor lipid groups and/or dyes bending and sliding along the z-axis.
Beyond that belt, known as the Mangyshlak Bank, the middle Caspian, 53,250 square miles (137,917 square km) in area, forms an irregular depression with an abrupt western slope and a gentler eastern gradient.
It has been shown that failure initiating at material interface regions can be predicted, and furthermore that abrupt material property gradients predominantly contribute to FSW joint failure.
