And the beam training scheme has the ability to tolerate some abrupt errors occurred in earlier training steps.
Further robustness in the method was achieved by using a Voronoï-based interpolation from the 3D image to the 2D cortical surface (robust to small misregistration errors) and smoothing on the 2D surface (which ameliorates any abrupt interpolation errors).
These rough "patches" in the structure activity landscape could be due to input errors, abrupt changes in activity/property known as activity cliffs, or lack of chemical coverage due to data scarcity.
In Figure 12, we show a case of vertical component at station TKD where gradual decreases of R and abrupt increases of τ error occurred in 2003, after which R and τ error had moved steadily toward 0.2 and 0.0, respectively.
Conventional hill-climbing type adaptive algorithms suffer from large transient error in abrupt changing environments.
In the processing of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data, a step error is an abrupt change in estimates of elevation between adjacent strips and must be reduced before building a digital surface model (DSM) of elevation.
However, our experiments show that the noise power effect begins to rise when applying lower SNR values with an abrupt increase in the estimation error around E b /N0=−10 dB.
