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A lens produces its focusing effect because light travels more slowly in the lens than in the surrounding air, so that refraction, an abrupt bending, of a light beam occurs both where the beam enters the lens and where it emerges from the lens into the air.
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The Outer Carpathians whose rocks are composed of flysch run from near Vienna, through Moravia, along the Polish-Czech-Slovak frontier, and through western Ukraine into Romania, ending in an abrupt bend of the Carpathian arc north of Bucharest.
Classes I & II are easily negotiable; Classes III (" small falls, numerous rapids") and IV ("high irregular waves with boulders directly in current, difficult broken water, eddies and abrupt bends") demand experience and skill Class V has long rocky rapids with difficult and completely irregular broken water which must be run head on".
The simulated results of different bends show that at the same transmission coefficient the area required for the proposed bends are smaller than those of the abrupt bends.
The abrupt bend in the DNA also exposes the terminal base pairs of each DNA duplex that is situated in the gap.
The high index contrast between the silicon and its surrounding cladding makes it possible to design more complex structures - such as sharp bends, abrupt Y-junctions, Mach-Zehnder structures [1 3] - and sensors [4 6].
It is shown that the unloading response consists of five sequential stages: elastic recovery, interface damage (crack) initiation, damage evolution (delamination), film elastic bending, and abrupt surface separation (jump-out), with plastic deformation in the substrate occurring only during damage initiation.
This suggests that the abrupt transition in local bending stiffness may be unique to the MMP cleavage site, thus it may provide a mechanical recognition signal as MMP diffuses over collagen and searches for the cleavage site.
The primary mechanism of this injury is an abrupt, blunt trauma by forceful bending of the erect penis over the pubic bone or perineum [ 28].
Then another abrupt turn.
In the computed image an abrupt fringe jump (or a local bending of fringes) as observed in Fig. 8 ▸ etc. can be seen around.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com