The phrase "abnormal outer" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used in contexts where you are describing something that is unusual or atypical in its external characteristics or appearance.
Example: "The scientist noted the abnormal outer layer of the specimen, which differed significantly from the expected morphology."
Alternatives: "unusual exterior" or "atypical outer".
Thus, our behavioral results show that the Cacna1fnob2 mouse has good vision (at least for the optokinetic response), despite its severe ERG phenotype and morphologically abnormal outer retina.
In addition, the photoreceptor phenotype in CEP290- and AHI1-deficient mice is similar to what we observe in cc2d2a zebrafish mutants: abnormal outer segments, but normal connecting cilia, and opsin trafficking defects (45, 47).
An alternate model, in which defective ciliogenesis underlies the observed abnormal outer segment development, is unlikely, based on the presence of normal-appearing cilia in multiple mutant tissues where Cc2d2a is normally expressed, including the kidney and retina, despite phenotypic anomalies in these organs.
More definitive evidence for the involvement of IFT came shortly thereafter, when it was shown that IFT-particle proteins also localized to the connecting cilium and that the same IFT88 mutation that causes PKD in mice (see above) also caused abnormal outer segment development and the death of photoreceptor cells by apoptosis (Pazour et al. 2002b).
Mitochondria in the inner photoreceptor segments were also abnormal and the outer segments were atrophic.
Mice deficient for these genes display abnormal retinal photoreceptor outer segments and opsin mislocalization (45– 45).
However, these Sop-positive cells showed abnormal morphology, including truncated outer segments and the positioning of cell soma immediately adjacent to the outer limiting membrane (Fig. 5D, arrows).
These abnormal mitochondria had intact, outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, but their cristae structures were distorted and disorganized (Fig. 5A).
Abnormal folding at the outer nuclear layer (ONL), OS and inner segment was noted in P60 rd7 mice (Fig. 3A), whereas this folding was not found in P60 WT mouse retinas (Fig. 3B).
Other zebrafish mutants with abnormal or absent photoreceptor outer segments such as ift88, ift57, fleer and elipsa all display significant photoreceptor cell loss, predominantly in the central retina, by 5d.p.f.
The abnormal loads absorbed by the outer cylinder during the landing procedure, associated with the presence of fatigue pre-cracks, may be concluded as the cause for this failure.
