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A greater ability for reflection on the part of experienced GPs may enable them to distance themselves from their patient's suffering.
Reflection Ability: For culturally competent doctors, reflection is required for insight into one's own understanding of prejudice and cultural frames of reference [ 28 ].
We assessed reflection ability with a validated instrument (the Groningen Reflection Ability Scale [ 26]).
We included the Groningen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS) in the questionnaire: a validated scale which measures respondents' general ability of personal reflection [ 26 ].
However, the ability of the reflection mode to quantify the API content in the highest dosage strength was assessed.
Results are also introduced to show the ability to handle reflection and to extend the method to the three-dimensional case.
High scores indicate higher reflection ability.
The GRAS was developed to assess reflection ability in medical students and consists of 23 statements.
We recommend that personal reflection ability is further clarified in order for it to be operationalized.
The Gronigen Reflection Ability Scale (GRAS) is a one dimensional practical measurement instrument that contributes to valid inferences about the personal reflection ability of medical students and doctors, both at individual and group level.
Table 4 shows the associations between self-perceived overall cultural competence and assessed knowledge, reflection ability and consultation behaviour.
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