Some studies have suggested that resident renal cells from lupus-prone mice are intrinsically aberrant; for example, it has been reported that mesangial cells from lupus mice have a decreased threshold for the production of inflammatory mediators, and do indeed elaborate more monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and osteopontin [ 74- 76].
Permissive gut factors (for example, aberrant mucosal immunity), intervene by impacting the gut's environment and the mucosal barrier.
For example, aberrant high expression of Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) in the thymus in aged (NZB × NZW) F1 (BWF1) mice may play a pivotal role in breaking immune tolerance in the thymus and in recruiting autoantibody-producing B1 cells and CD4+T cells during the development of murine lupus [24] [26].
For example, aberrant promoter methylation is often related to cancers [ 26, 27].
For example, aberrant EGFR signaling in glioblastoma, lung cancer and MCF10A cells led to enhanced IL-6 production and signaling [ 32, 69].
For example, aberrant neural projections from the cuneus to the corpus callosum have been associated with abnormal social behavior in individuals with Williams syndrome (Marenco et al., 2007).
For example, aberrant activation of cell cycle progression can be induced by viral oncogenes or oncogenic cyclin E and cells allowed to enter S phase before ideal conditions for DNA synthesis are established.
For example, aberrant signalling in HNSCCs involving the MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways is well described (Amornphimoltham et al, 2004, 2005; Van Baal et al, 2006; Bussink et al, 2008).
For example, aberrant respiration due to defective RAS signaling [ 10], pharmacological inhibition [ 11], or imbalanced translation of mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS subunits [ 9] elevates cellular ROS and severely curtails yeast chronological life span (CLS).
