Sn = Sensitivity, Sp = Specificity;* N = 2,432; †Selected major anomalies included diaphragm anomalies, abdominal wall anomalies, spina bifida, tracheo-esophageal fistula and tetralogy of fallot.
Some increasing trends have been detected by the EUROCAT in the Pan-Europe analysis for several congenital anomalies such as hypospadias, abdominal wall anomalies, gastroschisis, trisomy 18 and renal dysplasia.
For abdominal wall anomalies and gastroschisis (ICD-10 code Q79.3) and exomphalos only (Q79.2), classification of "multiple" was as described above, with the addition that, if more than one anomaly was registered from within the same broad abdominal wall category (ICD-10 code Q7*), the baby was also classified as having "multiple" anomalies.
Diagnoses available for comparison on both NICUS and the APDC included: very low birthweight, death in hospital, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and selected major anomalies including anomalies of the diaphragm, abdominal wall anomalies, spina bifida, tracheo-oesophageal fistula (TOF) stenosis or atresia, and tetralogy of fallot.
There was perfect agreement between the datasets for TOF (n = 5) and spina bifida (n = 5), with high PPVs for other anomalies ranging from 83% for tetralogy of fallot (n = 5) to 87% for abdominal wall anomalies (n = 14) and 94% for anomalies of the diaphragm (n = 16).
This included 97 abdominal wall defects, 416 chromosomal anomalies, and 544 cardiovascular defects.
The best treatment strategy depends on the size of the abdominal wall defect, the associated heart anomalies, and the type of EC.
Macroglossia (large tongue) affects just under half of infants with TNDM1, and about one in five individuals may also have a minor anomaly of the abdominal wall.
The exstrophy epispadias complex is a rare spectrum of anomalies affecting the genitourinary system, anterior abdominal wall, and pelvis.
Associations of digestive system anomalies with NO2 and NOx, and of abdominal wall defects with PMcoarse, also call for confirmation.
