Abdominal layers were closed again.
A left-sided 7-cm lateral scalpel incision was made parallel to the midline laparotomy, through the abdominal layers of skin, scarpa's fascia, muscle and peritoneum.
The site of injection was immediately obtruded by applying a gel foam pad, intestine carefully returned to the abdominal cavity, and the abdominal layers sutured with surgical staples (Reflex 9, USA).
However, the treatment of larger ablation volumes requires more thermal energy which may lead to a temperature increase along the ultrasound beam axis in the near field (i.e., intermediate layers located between the ultrasound transducer and the target region, such as epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and deeper abdominal layers) [ 5].
After inoculation, the abdominal muscle layer was closed with a 4-0 absuturele suture (Bondek plus, polyglycolic acid-coated suture, Genzyme GmbH, Neu-Isenberg, Germany) and the skin with a 4-0 nonabsuturele suture (monofilament, polyamide suture, Genzyme GmbH, Neu-Isenberg, Germany).
High penetration of 630 nm laser red light in the abdominal fat layer of rat was observed and it was found that this was due to the absence of pigments in this tissue which facilitated its penetration [ 33].
The ECG leads were exteriorized through the abdominal muscle layer and placed subcutaneously, one to the end of the sternum and the other to the ventral region of the trachea.
They are located immediately deep to the abdominal muscle layers and superficial to the peritoneum.
Aloka software estimated the volumes of AT, bone, air and the remainder on the basis of their different x-ray densities, and distinguished SAT and IAAT by detecting the abdominal muscle layers.
4, 51, 53, 55– 63 During liposuction, not only the abdominal superficial SAT layer but also the deep SAT layer is removed, and the latter is strongly related to insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors.
