In some ways, a NEAD chain resembles a form of generalized exchange, an ancient and widespread instance of the norm of reciprocity that can be thought of simply as the obligation to "pay it forward" rather than the obligation to reciprocate directly with the original giver.
But to many rights advocates, Sahar Gul's case, which drew attention from President Hamid Karzai and the international news media, is the exception that proves the rule: a small victory that masks a still-depressing picture of widespread instances of abuse of women that never come to light.
This is urgently needed, given that a recent Ofsted report found widespread instances of low quality PE teaching in primary schools, and frequent examples of cancelled PE lessons because of shortage of facilities or space on the timetable.
"It's not new, but in sports it seems we are doomed to be shocked and appalled all over again," said Dr. Sandra Kirby, an associate vice president for research at the University of Winnipeg, who led a study in the 1990s that found widespread instances of sexual misconduct involving coaches of the Canadian national team in various sports.
A series of problems within the mortgage servicing industry — including widespread instances of forged foreclosure documents and flawed paperwork — surfaced last fall and prompted federal officials and the state attorneys general to join forces and take action against the industry's largest players.
WASHINGTON — A weak command structure and a climate of fear among female personnel created the conditions that led to widespread instances of sexual assault of Air Force recruits by their instructors at Lackland Air Force Base in Texas, senior Air Force commanders said Wednesday.
In the 2000 and 2004 elections, there were widespread instances of voters being turned away from the polls because of a shortage of voting machines or the illegal removal of their names from registration lists.
There were widespread instances of landlords forcing out long-time tenants.
During that time, 61percentt of the 343 internal reports on the student aid office's oversight activities revealed widespread instances of poor servicing.
The investigation, focused on several precincts in the Bronx, found widespread instances of ticket-fixing, in which union delegates or trustees sought to make traffic tickets disappear.
Federal officials announced a new front in the investigations into the mutual fund industry, saying that they had uncovered widespread instances of brokers receiving payments for steering investors toward specific funds.
