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Children who are growing up on a farm are exposed to a wider range of microbes than their counterparts in the cities [ 25].
From their results, the authors concluded that the exposure to a wider range of microbes by growing up on a farm could explain part of the protective effect against asthma [ 10].
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There is an extensive and growing body of evidence that cold atmospheric plasmas are very effective against a wide range of microbes (e.g., bacterial spores and biofilm-forming microorganisms) as well as biomolecules such as proteins and lipids.
"Touchscreens are a source of a wide range of microbes, but not much of an issue if you do not share it among other people - since, if you are the only one using it, it's only your germs," said Prof Charles Gerba, a microbiologist at the University of Arizona.
In particular, the AMP with 2 cysteine residues at the terminal ends of the peptide and 2 repeat units of LLKK, i.e., C LLKK 2C, has been demonstrated to have high selectivity towards a wide range of microbes from Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerogenosa, and yeast Candida albicans over red blood cells.
In order to optimize AMPs with potent cell specificity and anti-inflammatory activity, we designed β-hairpin hybrid peptides based upon progetrin-1, bovine lactoferricin and cecropin A. The synthetic hybrid peptides LB-PG and CA-PG demonstrated high selectivity over a wide range of microbes from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in porcine red blood cells.
PCR-based diagnostics have been effectively developed for a wide range of microbes.
Broadly expressed by epithelial cells, phagocytic, and antigen- presenting cells, TLRs are critical sensors for innate immune defenses, allowing rapid detection and responsiveness to elements expressed by a wide range of microbes.
A wide range of microbes that enter the eye following ocular trauma can cause infective endophthalmitis.
TLRs recognize a variety of PAMPs including lipids, lipoproteins, proteins and nucleic acids derived from a wide range of microbes such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi (Box 1).
The plasma membrane and endosomal resident TLR4, for instance, mainly recognizes gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), while the endosomal TLR7 and TLR9 recognize nucleic acids derived from a wide range of microbes.
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