An alternative hypothesis is that among a wide range of subtypes infecting ducks, those that are found in other farm animals are more effective at causing human disease.
Several instances of interspecies transmission between birds and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) with AIV subtypes H7N7, H4N5, H4N6, H3N8, and H3N3 have been reported in the United States, and antibodies against a wide range of subtypes have been identified in Europe, Asia, and South America (reviewed by White [ 3]).
The current paper describes detailed findings from this study, specifically focusing on the haematological malignancies, presenting data on a wider range of subtypes, focusing on symptoms that are known to be common in these diseases and examining barriers that may be specific to these cancers.
Liposomal safingol was effective against a wide range of AML subtypes with minimal hemolytic toxicity, and was able to extend the median survival time of the U937-inoculated mice to 31 days as compared to 23 days by free drug.
Each laboratory evaluated four neutralizing reagents (TriMab, 447-52D, 4E10, sCD4) at a given range of concentrations against a panel of 11 viruses representing a wide range of genetic subtypes and phenotypes.
It binds to a wide range of SSTR subtypes (SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5) and has shown promise in diagnosing a variety of tumor types [ 51– 53], including some OctreoScan negative NETs [ 10].
See related letters by Rakha et al., and Kreike et al., The World Health Organization has defined a wide range of histopathological subtypes of invasive breast cancer and classified these carcinomas into 19 categories [ 1], most of which are quite rare [ 2].
The design of a broadly protective peptide-based vaccine against viral pathogens involves the identification and selection of vaccine targets composed of conserved T-cell and B-cell epitopes that are broadly cross-reactive to a wide range of viral subtypes and are protective in a large majority of host population.
Although HIV infection induces a vigorous Ab response in nearly all infected individuals, only ~1% produce Abs that can neutralize a wide range of HIV subtype Abs (1), and only ~10 to 25% of HIV-infected subjects produce cross-neutralizing Ab responses with moderate breadth and potency.
Although a wide range of cancer subtype-specific genetic abnormalities are known, they are rarely used to classify cancers.
A new application of LNA™ chemistry in a Taqman assay applicable to a wide range of HIV-1 subtypes is described.
