These prosodic events are realized by modulating acoustical correlates such as duration, pitch, and intensity at a syllable, word, or whole utterance level.
Once the parameters are estimated independently for spectral envelope and pitch for the whole utterance, a parametric speech vocoder is used to synthesize the speech signal.
The syntactic frames associated with the individual lexical items are unified by a dynamic binding process into a structural representation that spans the whole utterance.
This strategy offers two computational advantages: (1) Because the same query may occur multiple times in an utterance, a DTW-based search should proceed sequentially or iteratively over the whole utterance, storing the candidates found during the search, and initiating a new process with the remaining audio until a certain stopping criterion is met.
In the case of "un", breathiness appeared in the whole utterance in 95% of the tokens.
Thus far, the whole utterance has been used to estimate the compensation parameter.
In addition, the whole utterance has to be available, which is inapplicable for real-time use cases.
In 55% of the tokens whispering occurred over the whole utterance, while in 25% of the tokens, it occurred at the end portions of the utterances.
Another type is when the whole or almost the whole utterance becomes whispered (unvoiced), appearing in confidential talking, embarrassment, or when the speaker is talking to oneself.
In this method, different gains are hypothesized, and the one maximizing likelihood of the whole utterance is taken as the estimate.
