A wealth of structures of influenza A virus HA subtypes H1 H3, H5, H7, H9, H13, H14, and H17 and influenza B virus HA in the prefusion state and of influenza A/H3N2 HA in the postfusion state exist.
A broad range of self-organizing systems such as viruses, proteins, and clays are known to give rise to a wealth of structures by virtue of the asymmetry in their shapes and/or in their interaction surface patterns.
This affords a wealth of chemical structures and a greater variety of functionalities that can be applied to drug and gene delivery as well as tissue engineering.
In spite of a wealth of virus structures determined by these methods, the solved parts were limited to the viral capsid, while the remaining moieties, like the viral genomes and virus-self-functional enzymes within, were rarely visualized.
21, 22 Moreover, not only apo structures, but a wealth of high-resolution structures of AChBPs in complex with numerous ligands, among them nicotine (5), imidacloprid (2), and thiacloprid (4), are available (see below).
Recent advances in genomics and proteomics provided a wealth of sequences and structures, making it possible to unravel intricate evolutionary connections in the realm of protein function.
With the efficiency of structure determination methods now allowing high-throughput experiments [ 4, 5], the number of structures available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) [ 6] is providing a wealth of insight into structure-function relationships.
Via first-principles methods, we have investigated the T=0 K energetics of not only the reported ground state compounds in Al Sr ("the usual suspects"), but also of a wealth of other possible crystal structures observed in isoelectronic alloy systems (somewhat more "unusual suspects").
However, recent developments in membrane protein crystallography have led to a wealth of new high-resolution structures including two homologous prokaryotic ligand-gated ion channels, ELIC and GLIC.
These clusters offer not only a wealth of potential novel TOMM structures and modification machinery, but also an opportunity to explore natural product biosynthesis in archaea, which has been largely overlooked.
These structures have provided a wealth of understanding of the structural biology of the two classes of immunophilins, and have provided a structural basis for understanding the increasingly expanding role of these fascinating proteins in cellular processes.
