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Conservation strategies that selectively protect habitat patches with the highest connectivity values provide a weak advantage at preventing connectivity loss compared to random protection strategies.
Recently, Large et al. [18] used a yes/no visual categorization task and found a weak advantage (<15 ms) for superordinate level in visual categorization of isolated drawings of objects.
If A1 conveys a weak advantage on the island (a < a*), it will almost immediately go extinct when it initially arises on background B2.
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Although variants with a weak selective advantage do replace the wild type more slowly than variants with a strong selective advantage the time difference is not large and it is hard to reconcile with the considerable protective effect seen.
That is, protective HLA class I alleles tended to present epitopes at which the variant had a weak selective advantage, whereas, susceptibility alleles tended to present epitopes at which the variant had a large selective advantage.
In the two cases, our method has a weak performance advantage.
One possible explanation is that escape variants with a weak selective advantage as well as having a longer fixation time from first appearance will also grow out less frequently.
This result needs to be treated with caution because of the very small number of Gag epitopes studied but the observation is consistent with the idea that protective CTL responses recognise epitopes where escape variants have a weak selective advantage.
The results were consistent with the conclusions that (1) viral escape is a significant determinant of the HLA-associated rate of AIDS progression and (2) protective CTL responses target epitopes where escape variants have a weak selective advantage and escape is thus less frequent (Fig. 6).
However, contrary to their expectation, they found a weak fitness advantage for the asexuals, which indicates that other factors should contribute to the maintenance of the coexistence of sexuals and asexuals in Phoxinus.
Such roles could include a weak selective advantage in the presence of drugs or compensation for fitness costs incurred by the 'drug resistance' mutations (for example, in the absence of drugs or during transmission of parasites through mosquitoes).
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