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"There has to be to be a visible trial," he said.
The mice were given four sessions of a visible trial with an inter-session interval of 20 minutes.
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For the visible trial, a black labeled square platform (6 × 6 cm) emerging 2 cm out of the opaque (through addition of non-toxic paint) water surface was used, while the clear Plexiglas square platform (6 × 6 cm) for the training trials was submerged 2 cm below the opaque water surface.
On the first day, the mice were trained in one visible trial followed by 12 consecutive training trials, while the platform was kept in a fixed position.
All of our mice, regardless of genotype or diet, were able to find the visible platform within 30 s by the last visible trial (Fig. 1C).
Following the probe trial, a visible platform test was performed to control for visual acuity, where the escape platform was marked with a distinct local cue.
However, when hidden trials were compared to visible trials using a post hoc event-related analysis focused on the beginning of each trial, activations of the right hippocampus are evident.
Theta activity was also shown to be higher on visible trials compared to invisible trials in a masking paradigm (Melloni et al., 2007) and was successfully used to classify conscious vs vegetative patients (Sitt et al., 2014).
Upon completing the six training trials, subjects received six test trials which were identical to visible trials in " Experiment 1", except that we used a transparent rather than an opaque panel to prevent subjects from reaching before baiting was completed.
The procedure was identical to that of " Experiment 1" except that we only used visible trials.
By interspersing the hidden trials amongst the visible trials, we encourage animals to alter their acquisition from cue-approach learning to spatial navigation.
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