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An observation (e.g., an image) can be represented in many ways including a vector of intensity values per pixel, or in a more abstract way as a set of edges, regions of a particular shape, and various other features.
Note that x t is a column in the measurement matrix X, i.e. a vector of intensity values.
A mass spectrum is a vector of intensity values: \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${ \overset{ \lower0.5em\hbox{ $mash{\smash{scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle\rightharpoonupy_2}, \cdot \cdot \cdot, {y_n}.
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A residue can therefore be described by a vector of signal intensities.
CV value is calculated by dividing the standard deviation of X by the mean value of X, then multiplying by 100 when defining X as a vector of the intensities of the replicates.
Crack problem is also investigated and the stress, electric and magnetic fields in the vicinity of the crack tip are determined by a complex vector of intensity factors.
In Model 2 the solution, i.e. a vector of promoter binding intensities and some other parameters, is found by best approximation of experimental data, largely on gene transcription level ratios.
The above A-scan function returns a d-dimensional vector of intensities spaced in the axial direction, where d is the number of pixels of an A-Scan.
Each spectrum is a vector of FTIR absorption values (intensities): S=left({s}_1,{s}_2,dots, {s}_Nright).
Let us assume S 1, S 2, …, S M are the FTIR spectra and S μ is the average spectrum and each spectrum is a vector of FTIR absorption values (intensities): S = left({s}_1,{s}_2,dots, {s}_Nright).
The thermodynamic equilibrium association constant for antibody k binding peptide i is defined as K i, k = exp - Δ r G o R T with Δ r G = exp β 0 + β 1 y i, k R T. Logarithmizing the results of Equation 2, and centering them to zero and unit variance, we obtained a vector of normalized simulated signal intensities s → sim.
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