Note: A separately generated functional cancer map without prior filtering for outlier genes (pooled variance and tissue specific variance) was added to the additional files (Additional file 4).
Gaussian noise with 15% variance was added to the X1 and X2 time series and a refined Whitaker's filter [ 22] was used to smooth the data and estimate slopes.
Zero mean Gaussian noise of different variance was added and the values of the similarity measure for different candidate transformation parameters calculated.
The standard deviation, σ, is given in those cases where artificial noise with constant variance was added to the data.
In other words, study-specific variance was added to experimental and control group means but the baseline difference and ratio in mean values was held constant.
In the next step, the variable explaining second most variance was added, etc. and the improvement of predictions of LID assessed in each step by computing the changes in R-square.
Thus, we chose the secondary criteria of its effect upon the pseudo-R2; variables that explained a greater proportion of variance were added first.
Finally, an amount of Gaussian noise with variance is added simulating the position estimation error.
When these midparental values are phenotypically expressed, environmental variance is added in the form of a normally distributed random deviate with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation equal to a fraction k of the midparental value.
In the considered 2-user MIMO case, only four channel matrices are defined, that is,, (which describe channel between the first MT and first BS or second MT and second BS, resp .,, and (which describe the interference channel between first MT and second BS and between second MT and first BS, resp .. Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) of zero mean and variance is added to the received signal.
