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Descriptors with a variance close to zero were removed with the function RemoveNearZeroVarianceFeatures from the R package camb using a cut-off value equal to 30/1 [41,49,51].
For example, if the probability of being in the high variance regime is very small and the other regime has a variance close to zero, a deterministic trend is generated, with shocks that produce a change in the level or slope.
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In contrast, dystrophic males display a variance close to the one of the control groups.
Even if QTL variances close to zero were estimated in single replicates as an effect of a weak data structure, especially in DYD models for short pedigrees, these estimates were not excluded from the analysis in all investigated situations.
When correlations exist between random effects and their variances, and the variances are close to zero, the MCMC chain can get stuck close to zero, both for the variance and its random effect.
Therefore ICCs were considered to be inappropriate to use because they cannot be computed when the variance is close to zero [ 29].
c1 and c2 are used to avoid the instability when means or variances are close to zero.
Estimates at the boundary were expected since the estimated genetic variance should be close to zero when the true genetic variance is zero.
The inverse-gamma 0.001 inverse-gamma 0.001n has a peak close to zero and a long tail, meaning that low values for the variance components are supported (although when σ or τ are not close to zero this may unreasonably influence the posterior distribution).
A simpler model (without random effects) was chosen when the variance component was close to zero [ 13].
Lord Stern uses a rate close to zero.
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