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To address this fact new models are developed in this work able to predict power or specific energy consumption, including the usual design variables, but adding a variable that represents the feed size distribution.
The model incorporates a variable that represents terrain morphology by a single number.
(4) A variable that represents the angle of bed friction between the granular pile and the substrate ('Material map' tab).
In this computation process, β is a variable that represents the possibility that a CH is a malicious node.
(3) A variable that represents the angle of internal friction of the granular pile ('Material map' tab), which must be higher than the chosen bed friction angle.
y is a variable that represents the other vertex that shares an edge with x. (p_{I_{x},y}) is the propagation probability of that edge.
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In brief, for each month/cohort combination, we subtracted the mean and divided by the SD to generate a variable that represented variability from the mean.
Where the data matrix B represents 'voting' data, such that (b_{ij}) indicates that object (X^{i}) voted positively for object (Y^{j}), one may consider that the preference selection ('1' or '0') is a forced binary decision on a continuous variable that represents preference.
Each experimental measurement can be described by a constraint as follows: (18) where e m is a decision variable that represents the intrinsic uncertainty of the experimental measurements, i.e. the discrepancy between the actual flux v m, and the measured value.
First, the study constructed a count variable that represents the total number of biosecurity actions among the 11 that the producers currently implement.
Let ({X^{k}_{q}} in {0,1}) be a binary variable that represents whether path k of request q, i.e., ({p^{k}_{q}}), is selected.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com