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Secondly, in the absence of a validated reference instrument, convergent validity was approached through the hypothesis that scores for origin and host cultures would respectively decrease and increase with longer stay in Switzerland.
Based on a detailed comparative analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis, we present a validated reference set of 159 genes whose regulation is strongly affected by mycobacterial infection in the three types of microarrays analyzed.
The cross-sectional HD-OCT images were compared with histopathology as a validated reference.
If inappropriate reference genes are used for normalization, the experimental results obtained can differ greatly from those using a validated reference gene.
Food and portion reporting was made easier by the use of a validated reference book showing various portions of the common food and beverage choices (Suvimax, 2000).
Despite a consensus within the head and neck oncology community that acknowledges the importance of HPV testing (Adelstein et al, 2009; Nasman et al, 2009; Marur et al, 2010; Mehanna et al, 2012), a validated reference test to establish a diagnosis of HPV-related OPSCC in clinical practice has yet to be established (Braakhuis et al, 2009; Robinson et al, 2010).
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It was supplied with a picture-based validated reference book from the SU.VI.MAX survey, which facilitated the assessment of portion size [ 11, 12].
The screening assay proved to be suitable for screening OTA in wheat and cereal samples far below the low ML levels (3 and 5 ng/g) and at high levels after additional dilutions (e.g. 300 ng/g) and no false suspect or false-compliant results were obtained as confirmed by means of an in-house validated reference method based on LC-QqQ-MS.
Peirson, personal communication); (iv) use a NF based on a minimum of three validated reference genes for target gene normalisation [ 10]; (v) integrating the DART-PCR approach [ 23], which verifies sample-to-sample variations in amplification efficiency with a normalisation factor software package, e.g. geNorm [ 10], creates a powerful tool for analysing relative gene expression of target genes.
A total of 16,969,034 validated reference SNPs were available (with reference SNP ID and reference annotation).
Consequently, application of external standards needs to be validated empirically, and a combined approach in conjunction with validated reference genes may be most effectual.
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