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A validated adaptation of the neonatal facial coding system and duration of cry were used to assess pain.
The eSAPS 3 score is a validated adaptation of the original SAPS 3 score using electronic data from KPNC patients collected one hour before and one hour following ICU admission.
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We used the physical functioning measure and the general health status single question from the Short-Form 36®, the depression screen from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and a concurrently validated adaptation of the general self-efficacy scale (our coefficient alpha = 0.76) [ 1, 27- 29].
As the ESI was originally created in English, in this study we used a validated version in Spanish, provided by the author who conducted the adaptation into Spanish in a previous study (C. Hopenhayn, Unpublished thesis).
A validated Norwegian version was used 14.
A validated questionnaire was adapted [ 16].
Cross-cultural adaptation of a validated instrument for quantifying community integration can help to build up an internationally comparable body of scientific knowledge.
Hence, cross-cultural adaptation of a validated questionnaire for use in other cultures and/or languages requires a methodical process in order to achieve equivalences between the original version and the translated version, and to maintain the content validity of the instrument across different cultures [ 24].
If it was predicted that a marine stickleback population would be required to adapt to freshwater conditions under environmental change, then considering variation at the 242 regions associated with freshwater adaptation (or ideally a validated subset of loci) may be informative about that population's evolutionary response.
The potential gender bias of the Lawton IADL Scale has led to the generation of some non-validated adaptations for its application in men [ 24].
Linguistic adaptation was undertaken by translation professionals using a validated procedure that involved five steps [ 16].
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