Exact(30)
It seems reasonable to say not only that this is a valid inference but also that its validity is apparent only to those of us who know that rain gets a person wet.
In virtue of this feature, the form (3) is termed a valid inference form.
Closely related to the idea of a valid inference form is that of a valid proposition form.
Conversion yields an equivalent proposition (and is hence a valid inference) in general only with so-called E and I propositions (universal negatives and particular affirmatives).
"Now viewed as its own scientific discipline, clinical trial methodology encompasses the methods required for the protection of participants in a clinical trial and the methods necessary to provide a valid inference about the objective of the trial.
If, then, the conclusions of all of the successive syllogisms (except the last) are suppressed and only the remaining premises and the final conclusion are stated, the resulting argument is a valid inference from the stated premises.
Similar(30)
Logically, only MP (if a then b; a; b) and MT (if a then b; not-b; not-a) are valid inferences, whereas DA (if a then b; not-a; not-b) and AC (if a then b; b; a) are logically invalid [10].
The latter evaluates arguments in terms of "soundness," defining a sound argument as a deductively valid inference with true premises that establishes the truth of its conclusion.
The present contribution explored how stock-brokers perform when they are confronted with problems that evoke a clash between their prior beliefs and what would be a logically valid inference.
In general, if p is the conjunction of the premises, and q the conclusion, of a deductively valid inference, p will strictly imply q.
So understood, the argument can be seen as a deductively valid inference.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.
Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com