As the traditional pairwise distance PMFs used in protein structure prediction arise from the imperfect application of a statistically valid and rigorous procedure with a much wider scope, we consider it highly desirable that the name "potential of mean force" should be reserved for true, physically valid quantities [13].
While the use of retrospective samples in various internal validation cohorts (through repeated 10-fold and leave-one-batch-out cross validation) is statistically valid and rigorous, ultimately a large prospective study is needed for classifier validation.
This is primarily due to researchers' inability to conduct valid and rigorous cases that follow systematic procedures and are free from biased views influencing the direction of the research, or its findings (Eisenhardt and Graebner 2007; Yin 2013).
However, these PMFs are approximations of statistically valid and rigorous quantities, and these quantities can be generalized beyond pairwise distances to other aspects of protein structure.
Strikingly, the example applications involving radius of gyration and hydrogen bonding that we presented in this article are statistically valid and rigorous, in contrast to the traditional pairwise distance PMFs.
Progress to identify preventive and therapeutic strategies rests on valid and rigorous analytic approaches, but the research literature reflects little consensus on "best practices".
However, progress in preventing and treating dementia also rests on how dementia research is conducted: informative research requires valid and rigorous analytic approaches, and yet the research literature reflects little consensus on "best practices".
We remedy this omission by conducting a rigorous empirical evaluation using a representative set of 111 industry time series and a valid and reliable experimental design.
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Third, some signals identified from EMR data may not be valid and further rigorous validation approach will be needed in future to filter them out.
