Sentence examples for a valence of zero from inspiring English sources

Helium has a valence of zero and is chemically unreactive under all normal conditions.

They were once labeled group 0 in the periodic table because it was believed they had a valence of zero, meaning their atoms cannot combine with those of other elements to form compounds.

Most rare-earth metals have a valence of three; however, that of cerium is 3.2, and europium and ytterbium are divalent.

The first route is the divalent electrochemical dissolution, which results in porous layer formation, and the second one is electropolishing, which has a valence of four [12].

Due to the four electrons in the outer electron layer (Fig. 1a, b), carbon atoms have a valence of four and can be linked via single, double or triple covalent bonds, or also with other elements.

The phosphorus ion, with a valence of positive five, is only slightly larger than the sulfur ion, which carries a positive six charge.

This large amount of surface phosphorus is responsible for the stability of a bulk valence of four and also for a high isolation of oxidation sites at the surface.

The second one is related to the formation of a Cr2O3 phase close to the surface region, which increases the catalytic activity of this region due to the fact that the surface chromium atoms can be easily oxidized and reach an effective valence of four.

For the production of VO2, one part of V2O5(in which molecule the V takes the valence of 5+) and two parts of VCl3 (where V has a valence of 3+) were dissolved in ethanol.

This will cause the formal valence of two neighboring Ce atoms changing from +4 to +3, and therefore resulting in the formation of magnetism.

Some difference in frequency positions, compared to alumina, was expected since the adsorption sites are represented by two different metal atoms although the valence of the two is identical.