Biomarker research looks at all useful specimens, as identified below.
For example, if a body is badly damaged in a car accident, it will not be a useful teaching specimen.
The presence of IgA, but also of IgG and IgM, makes oral fluid a useful biological specimen for immunological assays.
Some investigators have reported that pleural effusion fluid is a useful clinical specimen for searching for point mutations in oncogenes, such as K-ras, rho A, p53, and FHIT (Nakamoto et al, 2001; Lee et al, 2004).
The blood culture results are shown for skin and soft tissue infections, because useful specimens were not usually obtained.
Nasopharyngeal aspirates and throat and nose swabs appear to be of comparable sensitivity (30% and 28%, respectively), while stool specimens are less useful specimens in the first 5 days of illness (sensitivity 20%).
Clearly vesicle swabs are very useful specimens, but only 18% of the children had had vesicle swabs taken because not all children presented with skin lesions filled with abundant fluid.
Enter the Botoxed person, a useful new laboratory specimen.
The first explorations that yielded a useful quantity of specimens and data for scientific study were those of James Cook in 1769 and 1773 74 and of Louis Duperry and Dumont D'Urville in 1824, 1827, and 1840.
