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The combined concentrations (in equivalents) of the major cations Ca, K, Mg, and Na therefore provide a useful proxy of conductivity and the concentration of total dissolved solids [See Additional file 2, Fig. S3].
This dataset is a large archive of material produced by print newspapers all over the world, which can act as a useful proxy of media attention to an individual party.
This said, gape colouration provides a useful proxy of the general developmental stage of subjects, and enables identification of the youngest and oldest birds in a sample [ 63].
In some instances, the exposure simply does not vary spatially in a way that makes location alone a useful proxy of exposure.
12 13 However, the validity of process measures rests on the assumption that they are a useful proxy of subsequent outcomes and that the interventions being measured produce the expected effects.
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However, the hospital admission is a useful proxy for severity of illness and it is desirable therefore to have access to additional hospital source data.
Parental source of aneuploidy can be a useful proxy for the detection of meiotic errors, because maternal meiotic errors are expected to predominate over paternal meiotic errors (Fragouli et al., 2006a, b; Frumkin et al., 2008).
Yields are a useful proxy for the riskiness of a bond and, therefore, the creditworthiness of a country's economy.
Woodland type was included because deciduous woodland in Scotland has previously been found to have significantly higher numbers of infected questing nymphs, and this may be a useful proxy for the presence of other competent transmission hosts, such as small mammals and birds (20).
Still, Brown is a skillful campaigner, and his supporters have kept the story alive — as a useful proxy for the issue of social class, much as he invariably refers to his opponent as Professor Warren.
Further, if this equivalence holds more or less true for all animal phyla, then the figures for the ERMS region provide a useful proxy for what kinds of species numbers may be expected in the New Zealand EEZ, regardless of whether the taxon is large or small.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com