However, uniform deviation of the rate of synonymous evolution from the mutation rate, caused by selection, cannot be taken into account in this way.
The distribution of the gene statistics is a Uniform (0,1) and deviation from uniformity suggests enrichment of the pathway.
Compared with ENC, which is another way of calculating codon usage bias and measures deviation from a uniform bias (null hypothesis), CAI measures the deviation of a given protein coding gene sequence with respect to a reference set of genes [ 27].
Our argument provided a uniform bound on the deviation from linearity as adaptation strength increases and also made the role of stretching more apparent (Eq. (17)).
Kang [ 42] demonstrated that the distribution of P values ideally should follow a uniform distribution with less deviation from the expected P value.
As demonstrated by Kang et al. [ 53] the distribution of P-values ideally should follow a uniform distribution with less deviation from the expected P-values.
A uniform thickness distribution, with small deviation form the expected thickness, was obtained for the preform site after nosing process.
The measured thickness of the heavy-phase layer is predicted well by the wide-channel model at high rotation and phase flow rates, where the deviation from a uniform layer thickness due to menisci at the channel end walls and interface tilt from gravity are small.
The angle spread is assumed to follow a uniform distribution with a standard deviation.
The DOA error is assumed to follow a uniform distribution with a standard deviation, and is given in (27).
Malignant melanomas, prostate, breast and thyroid cancers were the only sites for which a deviation from a uniform distribution throughout the year could be detected (Table 1 >).
