Exact(8)
As the reference TOC-value has been based on elementary analysis, we believe that the result in excess of 100% is not related to a underestimation of the reference value.
The agreement between theory and experiments is found to be satisfactory from a qualitative point of view and, apart for a underestimation of the maximum experimental value, acceptable from a quantitative point of view.
Therefore, it can be hypothesized that determining drinking patterns primarily based on information from patients and their family members may have resulted in a underestimation of the proportion of patients with alcoholism [25].
In addition information bias might be possible because we follow the assumption that missing values are per random, this might result in a underestimation or overestimation of effect.
Therefore, the assumption we made about the distribution of breast cancer stages at diagnosis may have resulted in a underestimation of the effects.
For instance, in model (a), underestimation of K e is considerable only when B0 is very small, say, 0.5 or less.
Similar(52)
However, such a selection bias would typically also result in an underestimation of a real risk.
Our rate is probably an underestimation, given a mainly passive system of surveillance.
In addition, heterogeneity may lead to an underestimation of a test's performance.
At least one study involving college students has shown that higher BACs are associated with an underestimation of an individual's level of intoxication.
A bias >1 indicates an overestimation, while a bias lower than 1 indicates an underestimation.
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