In order to assess respirometric potential of MBRs, a complete assessment of the DO fluorescent quenching sensors was done, showing that they presented a typical error of 0.56%, a signal to noise ratio of 189, a response time from 5.7 to 7.2 s and no drift over a period of 24 h.
Generating many realizations of 100-year synthetic AR-2 series (for which we know the theoretical −4 slope of the spectrum), we retrieve with the above method a slope of −4.2±0.3 (i.e., a typical error of about 5%to10%0%) in the period band from 2 to 25 years.
For distance covered from GPS data, the anticipated changes based on the decrease in VO2max at this altitude 25 will more likely be of the order of 25%, but even with a typical error of ∼30%, a sample size of 17 per group (n=34 in total) is also sufficient for magnitude-based inferences for this parameter during training.
Using conventional statistics for sample size estimates, 12 participants in each group (n=24 in total) would be required to make clinically decisive inferences on differences in total haemoglobin mass assuming a typical error of 2%, a reference threshold of 3% and types I and II errors of 5%and20%0%, respectively.
In a further study, Carr et al. [6] reported that performance responses were repeatable for mean power during a 2000-m rowing TT performance displaying a typical error (TE) of 2.1%.
The RMSE (Eq. 3), while also influenced by outliers, is a convenient metric as it assumes the same units as the data, is representative of the size of a typical error, and is a lower bound on the standard deviation of a prediction error.
The CO rebreathing procedure provides an accurate and reliable method of measuring Hbmass with a low typical error of ∼2% in our laboratory (ie, 1.7% (90% CI 1.2%to3.2%2%).
In Table 8, values obtained from the best multipole model are compared with several theoretical estimates, including Gavezotti's PIXEL suggests a typical error in the region of 10 kJ mol 1.
The reliability of v VO2max is good in moderately-trained middle and long distance runners, with a typical error, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV) of 3% [ 24].
Compared with the direct measurements, the US method showed a mean typical error of 0.09 0.14 cm for muscle thickness, 1.01 1.31° for the pennation angle, 0.92 1.71 cm for fascicle length and muscle tendon length measurements.
For example, the Fitch-Margoliash tree [see Figure S1 in Additional file 1] gives 0.199 relative squared errror, that is, 0.199 = ∑ i, j (T i, j) - D i, j))/ D i, j), where T i, j) is the pairwise distance given by the tree, and gives 1.51%averagee percent standard deviation (APSD) [ 51, 52], a measure of the typical error of T i, j) relative to D i, j).
