Sentence examples for a true substitution from inspiring English sources

In such a situation, we must confront the risk that a sentence of the form $\exists x \ A$ may be true even if $\Sigma \alpha \ A$ remains false in virtue of the lack of a true substitution instance of the form $A(t/ \alpha)$.

Grossular is often recorded as having a composition containing water, but the true substitution seems to involve 4 H+ for Si4+; and a complete series appears to exist between grossular [Ca3Al2(SiO4)3] and hydrogrossular [Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 - x(H4O4 x].

200 118 bc), devised a means of encoding letters into pairs of symbols by a device called the Polybius checkerboard, which is a true biliteral substitution and presages many elements of later cryptographic systems.

In figures 2 and 3, we investigate how the choice of M affects conservation estimates c when the true substitution model for the test sequence is R and the true substitution model for the reference sequence is R0.

Since the true substitution model is typically unknown, it is important to consider the effect of model misspecification on the performance of a distance estimation method.

In LOS calculation the substitutions influenced by factors other than temperature are nullified and values represent true substitution due to cold adaptation of species.

The bootstrap analysis with Physher showed that 40 intervals contained the true substitution rate and 43 intervals contained the true root age.

The HKY85: π model is indeed the true substitution model for neutral sites and will therefore infer the correct ML branch-length estimate t0* at those sites.

Obviously, the timing of the divergence among E. ockendeni clades will become younger given the same genetic distance if true substitution rate is faster than we have estimated.

Secondly, the true substitution model is also unknown and is likely to violate the assumptions of both JC and K2P models and even the relaxed assumptions of the general time-reversible model (in which ΔLogDet is additive).

Our experiments on bacterial gene sequences (Section Inferring trees from genomic sequences) also indicate that the simple and less noisy SR functions perform better on average than ones that are expected to better fit the true substitution process.