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The XCAT phantom can be used to generate a true attenuation map for each motion phase.
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The parameter-space trajectory followed by the iterative scheme shows that the proposed scatter-to-attenuation back-projection can be used to estimate true attenuation values despite an initially unknown scaling factor.
The resulting attenuation map is similar to the true attenuation map for end-inspiration/end-systole obtained directly from XCAT. a Reference motion phase (end-diastole/end-exhalation) b Transformed from the reference phase to end-inspiration/end-systole c End-inspiration/end-systole (directlyu form XCAT).
The true attenuation model to be used in this article is α = ρ-1.25 [15].
The proposed approach effectively exploits MR prior information and produces attenuation maps that are spatially and statistically more consistent with true attenuation maps.
For the phase of end-inspiration/end-systole, the transformed attenuation map (Fig. 5b), which was obtained using the motion fields measured by MRI, matches well with the true attenuation map (Fig. 5c).
Nevertheless, the presented MRI sequences could not completely reduce artifacts from dental implants and also will not take into account the true attenuation from metal implants, teeth, or bones.
Figure 5 shows the coronal attenuation map in the reference motion phase (end-diastole/end-exhalation) (Fig. 5a); the attenuation map transformed from the reference phase to the phase of end-inspiration/end-systole using the motion fields measured by MRI (Fig. 5b) and the true attenuation map generated by the XCAT phantom in the phase of end-inspiration/end-systole (Fig. 5c).
For example, the melanins used throughout the study were dried in order to determine true attenuation coefficients and numbers of paramagnetic ions.
It is possible that the null results from this study are due to unmeasured confounding (for example, socioeconomic status), although there are no strong risk factors for RA that could account for attenuation of a true association.
Recollection of habitual intake of alcoholic beverages is probably better than that of habitual intake of the foods contributing to the eight other components, and the corresponding non-differential misclassification (and thus attenuation of a true association) is likely to be less evident for alcohol than for the other components.
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