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This gene encodes an outer membrane protein that is part of a transporter system which transports toxins or antibiotics out of the cell [ 53, 54].
The role of the genes in M. tuberculosis remains highly controversial although there is an increasing consensus that each operon (which resembles a multi-subunit ABC transport system) encodes a transporter system.
Immunolabeling and co-immunoprecipitation studies suggest that iron is stored in ferritin 2 for the purpose of forming 7.5-nm diameter iron particles and that actin-myosin-ferritin 2 may serve as a transporter system.
VraDE is a transporter system that is dedicated to resist bacitracin, as evidenced in this study by the testing the sensitivity of the vraDE null mutant(s) to 11 antimicrobial peptides or antibiotics and numerous other antimicrobial agents (PM analysis).
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Among the RD-10 genes lost in the ptxP3 lineage are those encoding for an ABC transporter system an iron uptake protein a putative transcriptional regulator and a putative exported protein.
The complexes constitute a membrane transporter system, which involves the uptake or recognition of a specific carbohydrate or glycoprotein [ 9– 11].
The Mce-like proteins in Gram-negative bacteria were frequently found clustered in the genome with a DUF140 family protein and an ATPase homolog (IPR003439) in an arrangement typical of an ABC transporter system [ 11].
For example, free pirarubicin (THP) exhibits over 30- to 100-folds higher cellular uptake into tumor cells (pancreatic SUIT-2) compared with free DOX, although both belong to the anthracycline family in which a specific transporter system (e.g., glucose transporter) is highly up-regulated for THP uptake in some tumor cells [95, 102, 114].
GlcNAc is taken up by bacteria through a phosphotransferase transporter system that results in GlcNAc-6-PO4 entheing the cell.
Consequently, a complex transporter system is important for phagotrophic protists to shuffle metabolic products (e.g., amino acids, nucleotides, phosphates and sugars) and release nutrients from the phagolysosomes to the cytosol.
Adjacent to this gene cluster are five genes (ASA_4363 ASA_436767) encoding a hydroxamate-type ferric siderophore receptor and an ABC transporter system, indicating that A449 may also use a hydroxamate siderophore for iron acquisition.
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