It is in this sense that Edgar Morin speaks about "thought reform": Thought reform would require a reform of teaching (in primary school, secondary school, university), that in turn would require a reform of thought.
FIRE assailed Delaware for remaining, in its view, "terrifyingly unaware that a state-sponsored institution of higher education in the United States does not have the legal right to engage in a program of systematic thought reform".
Thought reform is a key anthropological and historical problem.
The ensuing campaign aimed to "eradicate" the group through a combination of propaganda, imprisonment, and coercive thought reform of adherents, sometimes resulting in deaths.
Professor Lifton wrote the pioneering examination of the Communists' use of thought reform on coming to power in 1949, "Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of Chinese Brainwashing," first published in 1961.
In 1961, in "Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of 'Brainwashing' in China," the psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton, who had conducted some of the shipboard interviews with returning P.O.W.s, concluded that the indoctrination of prisoners was a long-term failure.
South Korea had a low crime rate and a moderate imprisonment rate, and it placed some emphasis on thought reform in its prisons.
The FACET model is based on Lifton's eight criteria for thought reform, and Taylor emphasizes education and freedom of thought as a way to negate some of these criteria.
When the Communists came to power, they arrested a number of even those Westerners who had been sympathetic, forcing them to undergo thought reform and confess to having been spies.
Both employed techniques of thought reform.
At first, the Communists used thought reform to try to convert millions of former soldiers and officials of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists, but they have also used thought reform against dissidents.
