Academic English written proficiency was assessed using a task adapted from practice IELTS materials (Cambridge University Press, 2005).
▪ Working memory – Visual working memory will be assessed using a computer administered task adapted from the Sternberg Spatial Working Memory Paradigm [ 51 ].
To measure eWMC we devised a novel valenced reading span task, adapted from the standard computer-administered neutral reading span paradigm (Engle, Cantor, & Carullo, 1992).
Forty boys (20 ADHD and 20 controls) performed a computer-based complex discrimination task adapted from the Matching Familiar Figures Task with four different fixed search interval lengths (5-, 15-, 15- and 20-s).
The observation task used in this study was the Three Boxes Task, adapted from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network protocol [ 28].
Using fMRI and a joystick task adapted from macaque studies investigating the role of the PPC in visuomotor coordinate transformations (Eskandar and Assad 1999 , 2002, Grefkes et al. (2004) suggested the medial parts of the SPL and IPS to be the putative human homologues to the macaque medial intraparietal area, which is part of the parietal reach region.
In Experiment 2, we applied the same image sets to an antisaccade task adapted from Noël et al. (2013), because the effects of concurrent exposure to alcohol cues are yet to be investigated in the domain of oculomotor inhibitory control.
In Experiment 1B, one group of non-blinkers and a group of blinkers (who do show a substantial AB) were tested using an AB task adapted from Potter and colleagues [11], containing pictures rather than the more commonly used alphanumeric stimuli, in order to test the generality of the non-blinkers' remarkable ability.
Participants fasted for 10 to 12 hours and performed a simple task adapted from one reported previously (34,42).
