It may be that the novel War and Peace is a universal, a thing that is in some mode present in each of the many tangible copies of the novel.
Although I thoroughly enjoy holding tangible copies of music albums, putting the Beatles on iTunes will open up younger generations to the amazing songs that have ruled among music fans from the late 1960s to this day.
Manufacturers who use Mr. Street's scanning data to produce tangible copies are able, even with advances in recent years in devices known as rapid prototyping machines, to make only so-so synthetic reproductions of the originals.
Interpreting Article 4(2) of Directive 2009/24 in the light of the principle of equal treatment confirms that the exhaustion of the distribution right under that provision takes effect after the first sale in the European Union of a copy of a computer program by the copyright holder or with his consent, regardless of whether the sale relates to a tangible or an intangible copy of the program.
Anyone who hates hypocrisy and double standards must be gratified to read that the historian Doris Kearns Goodwin has begun to pay a tangible price for the "inadvertent copying" from others' works for use in her own ("Writer Leaves 'NewsHour' in Furor Over Book," news article, Feb. 28).
Additionally, the printed 3-D structures can provide unique educational opportunities outside of traditional lecture halls and away from computer workstations environments as they provide a tangible representation of data when a digital copy is unavailable or inconvenient to share.
The Copyright Act defines a work as "fixed" in a tangible medium of expression when "its embodiment in a copy... by or under the authority of the author, is sufficiently permanent... to permit it to be... reproduced". 17 U.S.C. § 101.
The main goal of creating a high-resolution 3D model was to print a copy of the meteorite in order to keep a tangible, tactile version of it at Yale.
Terms of art such as "fixed" or "copy" have lost much of their meaning, and the law's notion of a tangible medium is becoming less relevant.
Rightsholders get a copyright – an expansive, long-enduring right to control most copying, display, adaptation and performance – when they create something new and fix it in a tangible medium.
