His investigation found that Russia had set up a state-sponsored system to cheat, one where specimens were swapped, tampered with or lost.
On Thursday Alexander Dobrindt, the German Transport Minister, said that Volkswagen had used the same system to cheat emissions tests in the EU.
Second, incentive schemes may encourage "gaming", that is, people cheating a system to receive an incentive.
I'm sure some intrepid student will find a way to cheat this system to get free or discounted books, but the company argues that its system works well to prevent freeloaders from abusing it.
Some sneaky people will figure out a way to cheat the system and accumulate more wealth than everyone else, but we'll knock 'em back down to earth again.
What I needed was a lazy way to do the same thing without all the food prep, a way to cheat the system, basically.
Businesses can't question a prescription, but they can make it a little harder to cheat the system.
As it stands, they are hugely rewarding a small number of people for finding a creative way to cheat the system.
The rigour of the testing procedures now make it nigh-on impossible for a British cyclist to cheat the system, he adds, although in many other countries the system is more open to abuse.
"The dirty tricks brigade is out and there's an attempt to cheat the system," he told EurActiv.
