Independent media were regularly silenced, editors were instructed how to report the news through a system of official notices called temniki, and violence against investigative journalists was commonplace.
"It isn't so much corruption as a system of official privilege," said Ding Xueliang, a professor of sociology at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
Since the early 1990s, several investigators have to varying degrees proposed a departure from the ICZN and its Linnean basis in the form of the "Phylocode" [ 10], which would entail a system of official arbitration for high-level categories.
Opposition activists said the people on the list — all but one of them men — were members of Bahrain's Shiite majority, which has led a 21-month uprising against the Sunni monarchy to win greater political freedoms and to dismantle what Shiites complain is a system of entrenched, official discrimination.
Another recent decree that has generated resistance seeks to impose a system of prior official approval for cultural performances and of censorship of art determined to have "immoral or vulgar" content or which "misuses patriotic symbols". The government has agreed to step back aspects of the law.
In particular, a system of evaluating local officials that rewards local Chinese officials for development above all else has helped produce the breakneck economic growth that drives China's urbanization.
In the annexed regions, in which tax assessment on cultivation was under amāni or Sarkār (provincial government) management, an elaborate system of officials collected and managed revenue.
New York City voters overwhelmingly rejected a measure yesterday that would have instituted nonpartisan city elections, voting to forgo changes in a system of selecting municipal officials that has been in place for nearly a century.
A18 NEW YORK/REGION B1-8 Nonpartisan Election Plan Is Rejected by Voters In a stinging defeat for Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg, New York City voters overwhelmingly rejected a measure that would have instituted nonpartisan city elections, voting to forgo changes in a system of selecting municipal officials that has been in place for nearly a century.
Landowners now attempted wherever possible to bring their demesne lands back into direct management, creating a system of administrators and officials to run their new system of estates.
Vietnam runs a clumsy system of official censorship, calling in editors every week – on Tuesdays in Hanoi and Thursdays in Saigon – to tell them what to cover and what to conceal.
