This reflects a broader tendency in the research literature to cast 'South-North' migration as a symptom of development failure (Bakewell, 2008).
Indeed there are times when deflation can be a symptom of encouraging underlying developments.
"Disasters are a symptom of a failed development paradigm," said Ben Wisner, a visiting researcher in environmental studies at Oberlin College and vice chairman of the hazards and risks committee of the International Geographical Union.
More persistent crying, however, may be a symptom of flawed neurological development, according to a paper in the November Archives of Disease in Childhood.
"In a sense it is a symptom of a type of development that has gone on for the last hundred years," he said.
The then ruling regime took the per capita output of cement and steel as evidence of its own indispensability, as a symptom of prosperity and social development.
The second is a collective failure to take actions to prevent these developments, a symptom of the lack of citizen engagement in public/political debate.
All the way through the film, from the opening titles to closing credits, there is a passionate, encyclopaedic love of music, combined with a disconcerting sense that this love is a kind of autism or arrested development, a symptom of some poignant deprivation of real love.
But both developments are a symptom of wider worries.
Climbing to the top of one of Holl's towers, I looked out through a haze of smog at the acres of luxury-housing towers that surround his own, the kind of alienating subdivisions that are so often cited as a symptom of the city's unbridled, dehumanizing development.
But despite its provocative hints, "The Triumph of Pierrot" never succeeds in demonstrating that the vogue for the commedia was more than a minor symptom of deeper developments that go largely unexplored.
