The wall-shear-stress is the force parallel to a surface caused by a flow, which propagates parallel to the surface.
Unlike most platforming games, in VVVVVV the player is not able to jump, but instead can reverse the direction of gravity when standing on a surface, causing Captain Viridian to fall either upwards or downwards.
Thus while initial contact with a surface caused an increase in metabolic activity within the population, this was greatly enhanced by the presence of a salivary pellicle.
The concept of cryogenic fracturing is that a sharp thermal gradient developed by applying a cryogenic fluid on a rock surface causes a strong local tensile stress that initiates fractures.
In a biofilm, bacterial adhesion to a substratum surface causes a phenotypic change that makes removal upon a mechanical challenge more difficult (Vuopio-Varkila and Schoolnik 1991; Gonzalez-Valencia, Munoz and Torres 1991; Pal et al., 1992; Kallman et al., 1993).
Previous research into the relationships between emotional changes and postural control found that maintaining a standing position on an elevated surface causes "stiffness behavior" where the leg muscles display excessive tension [16, 17].
The results show that a hydrophilic surface causes bubbles to easily depart the evaporator wall, thereby increasing the heat performance, whereas a hydrophobic surface causes bubbles to adhere to the evaporator wall, decreasing the heat performance.
A high porosity provides room for CO2 storage, while a high specific surface causes a high risk for chemical reaction and consequently for mechanical weakening.
In most of the cases, Eu+3 ions either tend to locate on a crystal surface, causing an undesired Eu-Eu interaction, or form Eu2O3 aggregates, which act as quenching sites, resulting in a drastic decrease in the luminescent intensity [15].
d The fruiting body (capillitium) of the slime mold Stemonitis possesses a superhydrophobic surface caused by a granular layer of unknown chemical composition.
