The formal health sector often has the problem of dual management – where there is an administrative line of supervision through the main health service structure and an additional supervision structure for specific programmes – which means the health worker sometimes has to choose which instructions and advice to follow.
However, in Malawi, where DHMT members described a context that lacked a systematic, accountable supervision structure, with unclear criteria and assumed expectations of staff performance, supervision practice was dependent on the attitudes and priorities of supervisors.
By comparison, a clear and consistent supervision structure with a range of tools have been developed by government in collaboration with stakeholders, based on national quality management guidance and used at regular intervals for supervision of home-based HIV Testing and Counselling (HTC) counsellors (LVCT Health 2013).
For investment banks that do not have U.S. banks within the consolidated group, the law provides for a holding company supervision structure that is purely voluntary--and only one investment bank, Lazard Ltd., has volunteered for this supervision.
The MOH-led Care Group model includes a two-tier supervision structure.
If Brussels finds a legal formula that allows Britain and Sweden to stay outside the banking union but inside the financial supervision structure, which is an EU construct, there will still be a fight over shifting funds from rich to poor under the guise of the new finance act.
The supervision structure of the program (in which the counselors meet with community mental health professionals in group supervision meetings) worked well throughout the 2000-2001 school year.
In summary, many studies reported supervision to be important to increase CHW performance, although details of the supervision structure and its implementation contributing to success were scarce.
The SM Net developed the behavior-change communication materials, training materials, supervision structure and pay scale with uniform guidelines; these are implemented consistently across CGPP and Unicef areas.
