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The total light perceived by the observer is a summation of two components: direct transmission and airlight.
Therefore, xk+1is just a summation of two independent Gaussian random vectors, Φ k x k and u k.
The observed vibration signal is modeled as a summation of two components contaminated by noise, and each component composes of repetitive transients.
Following Baltagi et al. [24], equation two decomposes the error process into a summation of two components; time variant and remainder error process.
we can rewrite Rnn,k as a summation of two parts as given hereafter R nn, k = R zz, k + σ n 2 I (9).
We have modeled the HT da/dN as a summation of two components: (a) the da/dN due to T-fatigue and (b) the da/dN due to the stress-assisted water attack (SAWA) along the interface for a given T-cycle.
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The final score is a summation of seven subscales measured on a 0 or 1 ordinal scale.
This trust measure is a summation of five items that are adapted from a longer trust instrument to ask the patient's view of doctors in general [ 39].
Since the final kernel used for the integrated dataset is a summation of eight kernels, the corresponding embedded space is of very high dimension.
We introduce the full stochastic process time series model as a summation of three component weak-sense stationary (WSS) processes, namely, θ, γ, and η, with η a 1/ f α noise process.
We obtained X-ray acquisition images at 1° increments over 210°, from a summation of five X-ray projections (400 ms/exposure) with 80 kVp and 450 μA exposure parameters.
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