Sentence examples for a substrate layer from inspiring English sources

Re-constructed soils in the reclaimed landscape in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) usually consist of an upper amendment layer (cover soil) and a substrate layer below.

For an intensive green roof with a substrate layer thickness exceeding 20 cm, which is common, positive effects are not influenced anymore by substrate thickness.

In this study, melt-blown thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nonwovens were used to support the mechanical property to act as a substrate layer.

The methodology of identifying the pull-off adhesion between a concrete added layer and a substrate layer in existing elements was developed and presented in the paper and is useful in construction practice.

In VSSF CWs, feeding is intermittent (discontinuous), and the flow of wastewater is vertically administered through a substrate layer which mainly consists of sand, gravel, or a mixture of all these components [ 16].

This section describes the study of a PVDF laminated membrane mirror consisting of two layers (i.e., a polyimide substrate layer and a PVDF actuator layer).

In order to solve this problem, ionic liquid gating is used which allows substrate front side gating, thus eliminating the major loss factors such as a dielectric layer and a thick substrate layer.

Commercial Am-241 disc sources are fabricated by incorporating the radioactive element into a thin substrate layer.

First introduced by Tan and the team [33] in 1998, R2P NIL may be conducted in two methods: the simpler method using a roller press to imprint a resist or substrate layer onto a rigid flat mold.

Biocovers usually consist of a coarse gas distribution layer to balance gas fluxes placed beneath an appropriate substrate layer.

The energy harvester is made of an elastic substrate layer coupled with one or two surface bonded piezoelectric layers.