Putnam purports to arrive at a substantive conclusion — that we are not brains in vats — with the assistance of a particular theory about the nature of reference — namely, the causal theory.
These data permit a substantive conclusion that dopamine signaling at D1 receptors is necessary for a clock gene rhythm in the dorsal striatum of food-restricted mice.
These results permit a substantive conclusion that the daily rhythm of Per2 expression evident in the dorsal striatum of WT mice anticipating a daily meal is dependent on dopamine signaling at D1 receptors.
It is important to notice that a commitment to Methodological Naturalism does not entail any substantive conclusions, however: methodologically, it is an open question whether the best philosophical account of morality or mentality or law must be in substantively naturalistic terms.
Although more well-designed and larger controlled studies are needed before any substantive conclusions can be drawn, the available evidence is compelling and these natural products deserve further investigation as a possibly significant addition to the antidepressant armamentarium.
We are also unable to draw any substantive conclusions regarding other dietary patterns and risks of breast cancer in this population.
3) A major result and substantive conclusion of this study, as stated in the abstract, is that "Light cycles, but not restricted feeding treatment, rescued this defect [loss of synchrony of peripheral clocks, between and within tissues, in brain bmal1 deficient mice, BKOs], revealing the dominance of photic entrainment pathways acting via the SCN over nutrient signals".
If the progressively influential factor is ultimately identified as a mere procedural impediment, the substantive conclusion will be that measurements of natural killer cell activity made at lower effector to target ratios are more valid.
But how could ideas deriving from the subjective character of experience justify a substantive metaphysical conclusion about the existence of a real self?
The fact that, other things equal, an institution's say-so makes law, is a primitive legal fact, or at least a legal fact that is not to be explained by either the nature of interpretation or by a substantive interpretive conclusion in the legal domain.
The definition is not as important as the substantive conclusion: The fact that it is possible to restore a previously existing structure by many non-trivial mutational pathways is sufficient to cause pronounced antagonistic directional epistasis.
