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The authors emphasized that their results were tempered by a substantial heterogeneity present across studies [17].
In addition, meta-regression was performed and a substantial heterogeneity caused by the measuring instrument was found.
Again, we find a substantial heterogeneity: around one-third of career changers expect a wage reduction after changing.
The available stock of insomnia-related questionnaires has a substantial heterogeneity in their formats, foci, scopes, and other attributes.
Heterogeneity was significant for stiffness and Young's modulus (p < 0.05), but not for CSA (p = 0.14), with a moderate heterogeneity of 30% and 21% for stiffness and CSA, respectively, and a substantial heterogeneity of 57% for Young's modulus [50].
A substantial heterogeneity caused by the measuring instrument was found, and the subgroup analysis was performed by restricting studies to a similar measuring instrument (PATHFAST, Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Corporation, Japan).
Similar(17)
Although a level of significance was set at 10% rather than 5% in our statistical test for heterogeneity, chi-square test in our review has low power and in the I test, preferable to the test of heterogeneity, an I value of 50% as an indicator of substantial heterogeneity can only be a rough guide [ 12, 49].
NSCLC is a malignancy displaying substantial heterogeneity, and the clinical and biological characteristics of the different subtypes of NSCLC vary substantially [ 51].
We considered I2 above 50% as an indicative of substantial heterogeneity.
An I value of >50% was considered an indicator of substantial heterogeneity (values of I equal to 25%, 50%, and 75% were deemed to represent low, moderate, and high heterogeneity, respectively).
21 An I of at least 50% together with different directions of effects (ie, some trials favoring active treatment and others favoring placebo with an absolute SMD of at least 0.3) was taken as an indicator of substantial heterogeneity.
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