When energetic electrons are incident on high atomic number absorbers, a substantial fraction is back-scattered.
It should be noted that, a detailed analysis of the 33 meiosis genes, revealed that a substantial fraction is non-annotated or likely miss-annotated.
In general, PLCβ1 is mainly localized on the cytosolic plasma membrane surface, although a substantial fraction is also found in the cytosol and, under some conditions, in the nucleus.
Many of the inferred parameter sets are consistent with the measured values but a substantial fraction is clearly inconsistent.
Many organisms in the rivers had resistance to at least one antibiotic other than ampicillin, and a substantial fraction were able to survive a number of antibiotics.
A substantial fraction are from the United States, and most of them have either studied or taught at U.S. universities at some point in their careers.
That is, a substantial fraction of gene pairs seems to be tightly linked, with a distance of fewer than 10 kilo base pairs and fewer than 10 intervening genes, but an equally substantial fraction is loosely linked or unlinked, with more than 100 kbp and hundreds of genes in between them.
Based on these data we speculate that many putative secreted proteins potentially have stage-specific functions and that a substantial fraction may be part of the nematode's immune system.
