Countries with a comparative advantage in the production and export of tradable agricultural commodities were also unable to produce and export as much as they would have under a more liberal trading regime, and have been deprived of substantial export revenues.
Many countries in East and Southeast Asia and Latin America have also achieved high rates of economic growth, substantial export growth, and falling poverty (Asian Development Bank, 2007; ECLAC, 2011).
It also helped that Australia has a smaller manufacturing sector (an area particularly hard-hit in the crisis) and substantial exports to China (whose economy continued to demand our raw materials).
Australia, and to a lesser extent Canada, are the exceptions, with substantial exports of energy-intensive metals, fuels, and other materials.
Even though Japan's miracle was not export-led and the country did not begin substantial exporting until the 1960s, when the export boom did occur in Japan, it made a strong economy even stronger.
The Arab spring put the spotlight on Britain's arms export policy as official reports revealed that the government approved substantial exports of weapons – including guns and ammunition, as well as crowd control equipment – to Muammar Gaddafi's Libya, Hosni Mubarak's Egypt, and Bahrain, months before those governments violently repressed popular uprisings.
If we're not producing the IP here in the United Kingdom, we are going to be at risk sustaining the substantial exports that we currently deliver - £9.5bn last year," he said.
European policies and legislation play a major part in shaping the framework in which farming operates". The automotive industry in the UK is fully integrated into the EU industry, with significant EU supply chains and substantial exports of finished vehicles and engines to EU markets.
