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The lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models to investigate host microbe interactions is considered a substantial bottleneck for microbiota research.
Despite advances in microarray technology that have led to increased reproducibility and substantial reductions in the cost of microarrays, the successful use of this technology is still elusive for many researchers, and microarray data analysis in particular presents a substantial bottleneck for many biomedical researchers.
The model that best fitted our data involves a substantial bottleneck among non-Africans (Figure 3C, 2≤βOoA≤20 giving the highest ψ1 and the only significant comparison after correction for multiple testing when all values of ψ1 are compared with the ψ1 of the constant size model, P<0.01), rejecting significantly a constant population size model for these populations.
With this limitation, the BG model would be forced to include a substantial bottleneck, rather than allowing the population to maintain near constant size before the initiation of exponential growth.
In the case of the North American sample, we determined how well the expected values under our model fitted the data as a function of rank age of insertion estimates under a scenario of varying population size that included a substantial bottleneck in the migration out of Africa and also out of Europe.
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Mitigating solar and wind power variability and its direct effect on local grid stability are already a substantial technological bottleneck for increasing market penetration of these technologies.
"It's a real bottleneck around there".
So she argues it's still "a real bottleneck".
He also noted that any proposal would have to account for what is already a substantial pedestrian traffic bottleneck on the Manhattan side of the bridge.
However, most knowledge-based NLP systems rely on a domain-specific dictionary of concepts, which represents a substantial knowledge-engineering bottleneck.
Although there does appear to be a restriction in mtDNA content early in the mouse germ cell lineage, direct experimental evidence is required to prove that this "bottleneck" makes a substantial contribution to the variation in heteroplasmy levels seen amongst the offspring of heteroplasmic female mice.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com