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More direct studies of NF- κB activation revealed that Jurkat cells exposed to rhTRAIL did activate NF- κB. Figure 4 shows a substantial activation of NF- κB, 30 min following addition of rhTRAIL to the cells, although this activation was less pronounced than that caused by treatment with the strong NF- κB activator, TNF- α.
With the exception of Alphavirus, the rest of RNA viruses tested here did not trigger a substantial activation of eIF2 kinases in infected cells.
This demonstrated a substantial activation of autophagy in MR patient valves.
Our findings indicate that IL-12 and IL-18 were able to exert a substantial activation of microglia 6 and 24 hours after their intracerebral administration.
Using a Hes-1 luciferase reporter assay we could show that VPA induced a substantial activation of the promoter and that this activation could be suppressed by the γ-secretase inhibitor L-685,458.
Incidentally, we did not observe a substantial activation of microglia at a pre- and/or early plaque stage at 9 months of age, indicating that microglial reactivity does not develop until the plaques are formed and/or consolidated.
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SUVs containing 75% DOPC, 20% DOPS, and 5% PIP3 produce a rapid and substantial activation of Btk.
Therefore, even if Ca2+ binding should be a prerequisite for substantial activation of PK, increase in cAMP alone can be expected to lead to a disinhibition of GP, shifting the balance towards glycogen degradation.
Along with others, they propose that low PR status may serve as an indicator of substantial activation of the growth factor signalling cascade, leading to hormonal therapy resistance [ 37- 40].
We found that anti-GD2 antibodies did not cause substantial activation of caspase-3: the level of activity of this effector caspase was 3 4 folds lower for anti-GD2-treated cells when compared to the EL-4 cells treated with staurosporine.
Both treatments led to substantial activation of the Hes-1 reporter construct in a dose-dependent manner.
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