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Most strikingly, all conditions showed up-regulation of genes matching data from Mili, et al., a study that characterized RNAs that were localized to cell protrusions under chemotaxis and haptotaxis48.
We recently described the results of a study that characterized the genetic similarities between E. coli isolates recovered from retail meat, particularly chicken, and ExPEC in humans causing community-acquired UTIs (10 ).
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As discussed previously, direct evidence for the complexity of this variation in epilepsy was provided in a recent study that characterized the gene sequences of 237 ion channel genes in a cohort of individuals with IGE (Klassen et al., 2011).
For the latter case, the results are similar to those of a previous study that characterized the uncertain input parameters based on measurements.
However, a recent study that characterized hundreds of TCRs expressed by FoxP3- naïve CD4+ T cells, or Tregs showed that non-self-antigens are the cognate specificities of FoxP3+ Tregs [15].
Additionally, the silencing frequencies induced by Dox treatment were orders of magnitude higher than that expected for HPRT inactivating mutations (<10−6), and a previous study that characterized base-pair substitutions in the Dif-6 cells showed they do not have a mutator phenotype [31].
A recent study that characterized the bacterium's genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity allowed us to select new model strains and to further explore the underlying mechanisms that determine host range [ 14].
A recent study that characterized the microbiota among seven women in the US by 16S rRNA sequencing identified L. vaginalis, in 3 out of 7 healthy women; however, L. vaginalis contributed to less than 0.05% of the communities [ 28].
We then filtered genes with dN or dS value higher 2 or lower than 0.001 according to a previous study that characterized the saturation of dS in birds [ 83], before comparing the entire sets of values between Z chromosome and autosomes.
The validity of our results is supported by a recent proteomic-based study that characterized circulating antibodies against gut bacteria in human subjects [68].
In our previous study that characterized different human CD4+ lymphocyte preparations [ 8], it was found that both cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lyophilized control cells (Cyto-Trol™) generally fulfilled a set of criteria for biological calibrators.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com