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If a study excludes populations directly affected by war, it will underestimate the mortality rates.
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Older adults use a disproportionate share of medical services, yet one in five clinical trials examined in a study excluded patients because of their age, and almost half of the remaining trials used criteria likely to exclude older adults.
In particular, a study excluding patients who die without being transported by EMS may not allow valid inferences about the effect of prehospital time on outcome (Newgard et al. [2010]).
In a study excluding ungulates in a dry forest in Hawai'i, Cabin et al. (2000) observed the seed crop and recruitment of many native species suffered from rodent predation.
According to a review study, 88% of waste management-LCA studies exclude capital goods.
A similar study excluded a blood-brain barrier breakdown for the first hours of a sepsis syndrome [ 33].
A detailed study excluded the formation of pure A type carbonate apatite.
We observed a smaller change in headache days as compared to a previous study excluding IgG antibody-eliciting foods [8].
In contrast to previous findings in PGL and PC, this study excludes a classical two hit Knudson model for SDHD involvement in NB.
Notably, a recent study excluded 450 k probes that mapped to copy-number variations (CNVs) because of the potential to bias measurement of DNAm [ 37].
Therefore, caution should be used in evaluating a study that excludes only VHL patients but not other hereditary forms of RCC.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com